TY - JOUR TI - Effects of impactors’ shape on three-dimensional woven fabric composites at low-velocity impacts AU - Muhamad, Zulkifli AU - Aiman, Chik AU - Bilal, Zahid AU - Mohamad, Yahya T2 - Industria Textila AB - This study investigated the fabric resistance of three-dimensional (3D) woven fibreglass composites generated by impactors of three shapes, i.e., hemispherical, conical, and ogival, on four types of composite structures. Composites were fabricated using the hand lay-up technique. Crimp and mechanical impact resistance tests were carried out in accordance with ASTM D2444 standards and ASTM D3883-04, respectively. The four-floating interlocked (4FLL) yielded the strongest fabric damage tolerance for all the three types of impactors’ shapes with 6.3 kN for the hemispherical shape, 4 kN for the conically shaped, and 3.8 kN for the ogival shape. Additionally, the 4FLL generated a fabric crimp of 3.5% and 2.8% on both fabric directions. The post-impact damage showed that the ogival shape impactor penetrated samples of woven composites better than the conical and hemispherical shapes. DA - 2022/12/20/ PY - 2022 DO - 10.35530/IT.073.06.202193 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 73 IS - 06 SP - 621 EP - 626 SN - 12225347 UR - http://revistaindustriatextila.ro/images/2022/6/005%20ZULKIFLI%20MUHAMAD%20INDUSTRIA%20TEXTILA%20no.6_2022.pdf Y2 - 2022/12/24/06:17:16 ER -