Issue 1 / 2024
Special issue on Smart and high functional textiles

Inner covers

Article: Implementation method of intelligent emotion-aware clothing system based on nanofibre technology

Author: LUO QISHU
Pages: 3–14
DOI: 10.35530/IT.075.01.202379
Published online: February 2024

Abstract
The creation of smart clothing technologies now has more options because of the merging of fashion design, and wearable technology with nanofibre technology. This study suggests a means for putting a nanofibre-based, intelligent, emotion-aware clothing system into practice. By recognizing and reacting to the wearer's psychological state, the system seeks to improve user convenience and well-being. In this study, a unique, self-sufficient weight-tuned Kohonen neural network (SW-KNN) method is used to categorize emotional states. To determine the wearer's emotional state, we first collect a dataset of signals from the body, including pulse, body temperature, and perspiration production. The dataset is then added to the preprocessing stage, where the raw data is normalized using the min-max method. The important features from the cleaned data are then extracted using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The smart control unit processes the physiological signals that have been acquired. The proposed approach is utilized to categorize the wearer's emotional state, and the white shark optimization (WSO) approach is used to improve the classification accuracy. The control unit has a microchip and wireless connectivity abilities, enabling it to send the devices’ connected devices the classified emotional status. The clothing technology can continuously modify its features based on the identified emotional state to enhance the wearer's comfort. The findings of the study stated that the proposed technique has provided accuracy and precision of 97.8% and 98.1% respectively.
Keywords: smart clothing technology, fashion design, wearable technology, nanofibre technology, emotional state classification, self-sufficient weight-tuned Kohonen neural network (SW-KNN)

Citation: Qishu, L., Implementation method of intelligent emotion-aware clothing system based on nanofibre technology, In: Industria Textila, 2024, 75, 1, 3–14,  http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.075.01.202379

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Article: Investigations for the development of smart trousers for paraplegic wheelchair users. Part 1 – Design recommendations for smart trousers to improve the thermal comfort of the legs of paraplegics

Authors: ANDREJA RUDOLF, VANJA KOLANOVIČ, MONIKA HUDOURNIK, JASNA ŠTAMPFER, JAKOB NOVAK, MATEJ BOROVEC, ROK BELŠAK
Pages 15–24 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.075.01.202320
Published online: February 2024

Abstract
In this article, a study was conducted on the design of smart trousers to improve the thermal comfort of the legs of paraplegics. It was based on the survey of paraplegics about the thermoregulation of their legs in cold environments, the warming of the legs during and after outdoor activities, the type of clothing for outdoor activities and the need for smart heating clothing for the lower extremities. The skin surface temperatures on the legs of fully mobile people and paraplegics were measured in a neutral state to find out to which temperature the microclimate inside the trousers can be warmed and the smart trousers can be used safely. The survey of paraplegics was conducted nationwide and included sixty-one adult male and female subjects. Skin surface temperatures were measured at eight measurement points on the right and left leg and performed on eighteen participants. After evaluating all the results of this study, recommendations for the design of smart heating trousers were proposed. The results of this part of the research can provide designers with important information about the specific requirements for smart heating trousers and enable them to design and develop products that meet real needs and are safe for paraplegic wheelchair users. Furthermore, this work aims to raise awareness of the needs of wheelchair users that enable them to integrate into the social environment on an equal footing.
Keywords: paraplegics, cold protection, thermal comfort, legs skin surface temperature, smart heating trousers design

Citation: Rudolf, A., Kolanovič, V., Hudournik, M., Štampfer, J., Novak, J., Borovec, M., Belšak, R., Investigations for the development of smart trousers for paraplegic wheelchair users. Part 1 – Design recommendations for smart trousers to improve the thermal comfort of the legs of paraplegics, In: Industria Textila, 2024, 75, 1, 15–24,  http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.075.01.202320

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Article: Investigations for the development of smart trousers for paraplegic wheelchair users. Part 2 – Development of a test prototype of smart heating trousers

Authors: ANDREJA RUDOLF, VANJA KOLANOVIČ, MONIKA HUDOURNIK, JASNA ŠTAMPFER, JAKOB NOVAK, MATEJ BOROVEC, ROK BELŠAK
Pages 25–32 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.075.01.202325
Published online: February 2024

Abstract
The main objective of this research was to develop smart trousers for paraplegic wheelchair users to improve the thermal comfort of their lower extremities when exposed to cold environments. In this part of the research, a test prototype of smart heating trousers was developed and tested on the thermal manikin. The development of the test prototype of the smart heating trousers is based on the design recommendations explored in the first part of this paper. The design recommendations relate both to the development of a trousers pattern design for the sitting posture of wheelchair users and the possibility of integrating electrical components into the trouser design, as well as the development of a smart heating system that provides safety for the wearer of the trousers. The results of this part of the research show that the developed smart heating trousers can improve the thermal insulation of the legs and the thermal comfort of the wearer. This is ensured by a carefully planned and safe algorithm that automatically regulates the temperature of the microclimate inside the trousers.
Keywords: paraplegics, cold protection, thermal comfort, smart heating trousers, thermal insulation

Citation: Rudolf, A., Kolanovič, V., Hudournik, M., Štampfer, J., Novak, J., Borovec, M., Belšak, R., Investigations for the development of smart trousers for paraplegic wheelchair users. Part 2 – Development of a test prototype of smart heating trousers, In: Industria Textila, 2024, 75, 1, 25–32,  http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.075.01.202325


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Article: Influence of PEDOT:PSS coating on screen-printed textile

Authors: SAŠA PETROVIĆ, SANDRA DEDIJER, NEMANJA KAŠIKOVIĆ, ŽELJKO ZELJKOVIĆ, VESNA GVOIĆ, IVANA JURIČ, MLADEN STANČIĆ
Pages 33–42 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.075.01.202376
Published online: February 2024

Abstract
This paper reports the impact of screen-printed PEDOT:PSS conductive ink on the optical properties of polyester fabric and colourimetric properties of yellow screen printing ink printed in a different number of layers. Yellow was chosen as one of four process colours which should theoretically suffer the most prominent changes from PEDOT:PSS overprinting. The study found that PEDOT:PSS ink significantly impacts the optical properties of the fabric and yellow ink, especially regarding the lightness and b-coordinate of the yellow ink. The acid treatment of samples, to increase PEDOT:PSS conductivity, also affected the optical characteristics through partial neutralization of the changes in the b-coordinate, especially when the sample was printed with a larger number of layers of the yellow ink and a smaller number of layers of PEDOT:PSS ink. Samples with two layers of yellow and one layer of PEDOT:PSS ink showed good conductivity results even without acid treatment, while the base colour appeared slightly darker. This change in the lightness can be compensated to some extent, proving that the aforementioned combination of PEDOT:PSS and base ink layers are the best when aspects, such as optical characteristics, conductivity, the complexity of production, production time, and limitations of the use of substrate materials are taken into account. This study provides useful insights for optimizing the printing process of PEDOT:PSS conductive inks over screen printed fabrics for various applications, including wearable electronics and smart textiles.
Keywords: colourimetric properties, conductive ink, conductivity, acid treatment, smart textile

Citation: Petrović, S., Dedijer, S., Kašiković, N., Zeljković, Ž., Gvoić, V., Jurič, I., Stančić, M., Influence of PEDOT:PSS coating on screen-printed textile, In: Industria Textila, 2024, 75, 1, 33–42,  http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.075.01.202376

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Article: Experimental design using the Taguchi method for the development of conductive textiles used in flexible thermoelectric generators

Authors: RALUCA MARIA AILENI, CRISTINA STROE
Pages 43–48 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.075.01.202360
Published online: February 2024

Abstract
This paper presents several aspects of the robust experimental design methodology using the Taguchi method to develop electrically conductive textiles. These conductive textiles will be used to make thermoelectric generators based on the Seebeck effect. Since the experimental development involves the use of the magnetron sputtering method with more than three variables, the Taguchi method was selected to observe how different parameters (5 independent variables such as argon flow, power, pressure, deposition surface area and metal type used for solid targets) influence the mean and variance of the process performance defined by the thickness of the metal film deposited (dependent variable). In the experimental design framework, the analysis using the Taguchi method, followed by optimisation, helped select the optimal experiments from the set of possible experiments. This methodology reduced the number of experiments by 21–42% and minimised resource consumption (e.g., metal targets, argon, energy).
Keywords: conductive, electrical resistance, experimental plan, Taguchi method, textile, thermoelectric generator

Citation: Aileni, R.M., Stroe, C., Experimental design using the Taguchi method for the development of conductive textiles used in flexible thermoelectric generators, In: Industria Textila, 2024, 75, 1, 43–48,  http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.075.01.202360

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Article: Flexural and impact performance of Kevlar/basalt fabric interlayer hybrid curved composites

Authors: FANGTAO RUAN, HAO WANG, CHENGLONG XIA, QINGYONG YANG, LIHUA ZOU, ZHENZHEN XU
Pages 49–56 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.075.01.202313
Published online: February 2024

Abstract
FRP composite has become one of the most preferred materials in lightweight applications. Design freedom is a key benefit which is reflected in the choice of fibres, stacking sequence and others. Hybridisation of hard inorganic fibre and organic ductile fibres can lead to synergetic effects. In this paper, an interlayer hybrid curved laminated composite reinforced with woven Kevlar and basalt fabrics and manufactured by a hand lay-up process with epoxy resin was prepared. Experimental investigation on the flexural and impact properties of composite laminates has been performed. The results of the investigation showed that the placement of Kevlar fibres on the impact side can increase the impact and flexural strengths, sample H3 (K3B2K3B2) has the highest impact strength and absorbed energy among seven hybrid laminates, valued at 92.89 KJ/m2 and 2.48 KJ. Compared with H5(B4K6) improved 41.6% and 40.9%, respectively. However, H5 has the highest flexural strength, reaching 231.7 MPa. In addition, the use of basalt fabric on the impact reverse side or multi-layer hybrid structuring further improves the impact properties of the materials. A sandwich-structure composite with basalt layers in the middle and Kevlar layers on both sides shows further improvement in the flexural properties.
Keywords: composites, woven fabrics, basalt fabrics, stacking sequence, stacking sequence, three-point flexural, impact

Citation: Ruan, F., Wang, H., Xia, C., Yang, Y., Zou, L., Xu, Z., Flexural and impact performance of Kevlar/basalt fabric interlayer hybrid curved composites, In: Industria Textila, 2024, 75, 1, 49–56,  http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.075.01.202313

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Article: A study on multi-layered surgical masks performance: permeability, filtration efficiency and breathability

Author: ŞEVKAN MACİT AYŞE
Pages 57–65 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.075.01.202356
Published online: February 2024

Abstract
Surgical masks have been widely used in the past for protection purposes against infection as a hygiene product. Masks, which are often used by healthcare professionals, are also widely used by the general public during pandemic periods. Surgical masks were designed in various ways according to colour, nose strip, earloop, grams per square meter and several layers. Some performance features are expected from these masks according to certain standards. In this study, it has been studied on multi-layered surgical masks. Thickness, air permeability, bacterial filtration efficiency and differential pressure properties of these masks consisting of polypropylene spun bond and melt-blown layers were investigated. The effects of an increase in grams per square meter, the number of layers and the melt-blown layer on the mentioned properties were determined. As a result; it has been observed that the optimal mask is one of the 4-ply masks. Also, it has been concluded that increasing the number of layers does not always provide an increase in performance; instead, an increase in grams per square meter can meet the expectation. Therefore, it can be said that it is necessary to determine the appropriate weight in grams and the appropriate number of layers with suitable raw materials to provide the expected features from the surgical masks.
Keywords: surgical mask, air permeability, bacterial filtration efficiency, breathability, spun bond, melt-blown

Citation: Ayşe, Ş.M., A study on multi-layered surgical masks performance: permeability, filtration efficiency and breathability, In: Industria Textila, 2024, 75, 1, 57–65,  http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.075.01.202356

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Article: Solutions to reduce the environmental pressure exerted by technical textiles: a review

Authors: SIMONA TRIPA, LILIANA INDRIE, PABLO DÍAZ GARCÍA, DAIVA MIKUCIONIENE
Pages 66–74 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.075.01.202367
Published online: February 2024

Abstract
This paper highlights the fact that the technical textile industry plays a significant role in the textile and apparel industry and the technical textile subsector is one of the most dynamic, accounting for an increasing share of EU textile output. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the production of technical textiles in the EU, which in turn leads to an increase in the environmental impact generated by the production and consumption of these products. The entire process of producing technical textile items creates several forms of pollution in the air, water, and soil, as well as noise and visual pollution and contributes significantly to global warming. At the same time, considerable volumes of textile waste are created. The reduction of the environmental impact of technical textiles should be considered throughout their life cycle and after their exit from use. In specialized literature, numerous solutions are presented that as viable for clothing but are only partially transferable to technical textiles. This paper provides a review of these solutions, highlighting the successfully applied ones in the case of technical textiles.
Keywords: technical textiles, sustainable, environment, waste, recycling

Citation: Tripa, S., Indrie, L., García, P.D., Mikucioniene, D., Solutions to reduce the environmental pressure exerted by technical textiles: a review, In: Industria Textila, 2024, 75, 1, 66–74,  http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.075.01.202367

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Article: Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of needle-punched composite nonwoven fabrics with stainless steel fibres

Authors: ALI BEYİT, MUSTAFA SABRI ÖZEN, ERHAN SANCAK
Pages 75–85 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.075.01.202346
Published online: February 2024

Abstract
In the study, electromagnetic shielding efficiency (EMSE) absorption and reflectivity properties of fabric produced from staple stainless-steel fibres and recycled staple polyester fibres by carding and needling technologies were investigated. The bi-component core/sheath polyester fibres at a fixed ratio of 20% in producing all nonwoven fabrics were used. The staple stainless-steel fibres and recycled staple polyester fibres were blended at 13 different ratios such as 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5%, 20%, 22.5%, 25%, 27.5%, 30%. The fibre webs were formed at wool type carding machine and then the folded webs were bonded mechanically with needle punching machines. Half of the produced nonwoven composite fabrics were bonded by thermal bonding technology with oven and calender machines. As the conductive fibres were costly, the study aimed to obtain optimum shielding effectiveness with the usage of minimum conductive fibres. Electromagnetic shielding properties, absorption and reflection characteristics of needle-punched nonwoven fabrics with calendered or un-calendered were performed by coaxial transmission line method according to ASTM-D4935-10 in the frequency range of 15 MHz to 3000 MHz. It is a known fact that electromagnetic shielding effectiveness increases with the increase in the amount of conductive fibre. It was found that nonwoven fabric produced with a usage of 17.5% stainless steel fibre has at least 90% electromagnetic shielding percentage in general use with 15 dB at a frequency of 1800 MHz. Increased stainless steel fibre content in nonwoven fabrics resulted in decreased nonwoven fabric thickness and tensile strength. Such a nonwoven composite material with electromagnetic shielding property could be used for construction and building applications.
Keywords: electromagnetic shielding (EM) effectiveness, electromagnetic radiation, stainless steel fibre, recycled polyester fibre, needle punching, nonwoven fabric, bi-component core/sheath binder fibres, thermal bonding technology

Citation: Beyit, A., Özen, M.S., Sancak, E., Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of needle-punched composite nonwoven fabrics with stainless steel fibres, In: Industria Textila, 2024, 75, 1, 75–85,  http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.075.01.202346

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Article: Professional skateboarding trousers design: according to the three-dimensional kinematic analysis for varied skateboarding manoeuvres

Authors: XIAO WEI, JIN ZHOU
Pages 86–92 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.075.01.202388
Published online: February 2024

Abstract
The popularity of skateboarding has caused an expansion of enthusiasts worldwide. Moreover, skateboarding is becoming increasingly professional at an international level. Professional skateboarding trousers are regarded as critical equipment and their design research should not be overlooked. This research aims to use motion capture to measure the angular changes characteristics of critical lower limb joints in skaters during sports activities, measure the length of the knee joint during actions, and establish a formula that describes the change characteristics between the angle and the length. The formula would allow for a data reference when designing the elasticity at the knee joints of skateboarding trousers. Thus, the initial step in this research methodology was to use a Vicon motion capture system to test and analyse the kinematic characteristics of seven skaters in the squat, jump, ollie, pop shove it, heel flip, kickflip, and 180° ollie. Based on the kinematic characteristics, the dynamic movements were broken down into static postures at 0°, 45°, 90°, 112.5°, and 135°. The body surface drawing method was then employed to measure changes in the knee joint body surface dimensions of the subjects. Next, the experimental data were analysed to explore the relationship between angle and length changes. Finally, the design was developed based on the data. Analysis and processing of the experimental data yielded the following conclusions: (1) The most significant knee joint change characteristics during skateboarding was the angle change observed during an ollie. (2) Knee joint skin stretch deformation is most evident in the anterior mid-leg line y2. (3) The relationship between kinematics and the structural design of skateboarding trousers was derived from the experimental data. Specifically, the equation for the relationship between angle change and length change is given by y2 = 0.0442x + 23.906. (4) The results show that the extreme range of skin stretching in the anterior midline is between –0.7 and 6.3 cm. Therefore, the loose design of the knee part of professional skateboarding trousers should not exceed 6.3 cm. This research approach can offer an effective design solution for professional skateboard trousers and can also be applied to other types of trousers.
Keywords: kinematic, 3D motion capture, skin deformation, skateboarding pants, sports

Citation: Wei, X., Zhou, J., Professional skateboarding trousers design: according to the three-dimensional kinematic analysis for varied skateboarding manoeuvres, In: Industria Textila, 2024, 75, 1, 86–92,  http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.075.01.202388

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Article: Textile material-based grid structure for EM attenuation

Authors: RALUCA MARIA AILENI, DOINA TOMA
Pages 93–96 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.075.01.2022142
Published online: February 2024

Abstract
This paper presents several aspects concerning materials with potential applications for electromagnetic shields. For this objective, grid structures coated by ultrasound treatments in conductive polymeric dispersions were designed to obtain appropriate models for electromagnetic attenuation. To anticipate the potential use of these samples in EM shields, the samples were analysed to observe the values for electrical resistance.
Keywords: textile, electromagnetic attenuation, resistance, conductive, EM shields

Citation: Aileni, R.M., Toma, D., Textile material-based grid structure for EM attenuation, In: Industria Textila, 2024, 75, 1, 93–96,  http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.075.01.2022142

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Article: A knitted smart sneaker system based on piezoresistive strain sensing for stride counting

Authors: HAN JIANLIN, RAJI RAFIU KING, CHEN YUAN, WANG WEIJUN
Pages 97–101 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.075.01.20232
Published online: February 2024

Abstract
Currently, smart shoes are not as common as other wearable devices such as fitness trackers or smartwatches. However, with the continuous improvement in sensor and IOT technologies, it is expected that shoes with smart capabilities will catch up with the other popular wearables. The emergence of 3D knitting and its subsequent application in footwear manufacture has revolutionized the shoe manufacturing process. The use of knitwear allows for shoe parts such as the upper or the sole (insole, Strobel sole, midsole and/or outer sole) to be tailored with specific areas having different characteristics and providing different functions with low production effort. This study presents the design and manufacture of a knitted smart sneaker for cadence mensuration. The specified part of the sneaker is knitted with silverplated polyester yarn to serve as a strain sensor. During the weight-bearing and release phases of the foot, while walking, this strain sensor is stressed and relaxed by this oscillatory phenomenon thus allowing footstep data to be measured. Stride estimate tests were carried out and the results established that strides taken by a user can accurately be correlated to the readings of the system. This study is the first to develop a smart shoe-sensing system where the sensor is inherently embedded within the shoe upper.
Keywords: step counting, smart wear, knitting technology, strain sensor, textiles

Citation: Jianlin, H., King, R.R., Yuan, C., Weijun, W., A knitted smart sneaker system based on piezoresistive strain sensing for stride counting, In: Industria Textila, 2024, 75, 1, 97–101,  http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.075.01.20232

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Article: Testing and characterization of high-temperature degradation performance of para-aramid fibres

Authors: CHUNYAN ZHU, YANPING LIN, XIANGAI ZHANG, CHEN YANG
Pages 102–110 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.075.01.2023115
Published online: February 2024

Abstract
Para-aramid fibres possess excellent properties, including high modulus, high strength, and high-temperature resistance, making them highly practical and cost-effective reinforcement materials. To further analyse the usage performance of para-aramid fibres under extreme conditions and explore their degradation behaviour and mechanisms at high temperatures, this paper investigates para-aramid fibres through high-temperature annealing. Various tests, including thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Ubbelohde viscometry, and universal material testing, were employed to analyse changes in the thermal degradation temperature, molecular structure, and mechanical properties of para-aramid fibres. Tests have shown that after high-temperature treatment of para-aramid fibres, different protruding particles and pits appear on the surface of the fibres, and the molecular structure gradually undergoes cleavage and cross-linking. This results in varying degrees of increase in the crystallinity, intrinsic viscosity, and apparent grain size of crystal planes in different directions of the para-aramid fibres with rising temperatures. On the other hand, the degree of orientation, the rate of the second type of lattice distortion, thermal performance, and mechanical properties show a declining trend. The thermal degradation conforms to the kinetics of a second-order reaction.
Keywords: microscopic morphology, viscosity, activation energy, mechanical properties, mechanism, molecular structure, para-aramid, thermal degradation

Citation: Zhu, C., Lin, Y., Zhang, X., Yang, C., Testing and characterization of high-temperature degradation performance of para-aramid fibres, In: Industria Textila, 2024, 75, 1, 102–110,  http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.075.01.2023115

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Article: Geometric developments in functional clothing

Authors: MANUELA AVADANEI, MALINA ROSCA, ANA-DIANA VATRA, LAURA CHIRILA
Pages 111–117 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.075.01.2022154
Published online: February 2024

Abstract
This study presents a geometric development of functional clothing (for pregnant women). In the beginning, we discuss the main changes women's bodies undergo during pregnancy and the requirements of an adequate wardrobe. Using specific design tools (Gemini CAD – a Lectra Company), we develop a geometric network for designing made-tomeasure maternity clothes (case study – blouse). From this network, three specific blocks have been developed in accordance with the body changes. The estimated increments of the second and third pregnancy trimesters have been expressed as correspondent angles and used to design the adequate shape of the blouse patterns (front and back). We have also evaluated the blouse patterns when dressed on the corresponding avatars for each trimester via 3D simulations.
Keywords: functional clothing, geometric development, network, blocks

Citation: Avadanei, M., Rosca, M., Vatra, A.-D., Chirila, L., Geometric developments in functional clothing, In: Industria Textila, 2024, 75, 1, 111–117,  http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.075.01.2022154

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Article: Effects of MWCNT and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) contents on the electrical conductivity and sensor properties of thermoplastic polyurethane nanosurfaces

Authors: RUSEN INAN, ISMAIL USTA, YESIM MUGE SAHIN
Pages 118–124 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.075.01.2023105
Published online: February 2024

Abstract
Recently, strain sensors have significant areas of usage with their strain, stretching and wearable features for various applications such as personal health monitoring, joint movement detection, robotics, etc. To achieve this, various studies are conducted to optimize the production of MWCNT-based nanocomposites. In the present study, a total of 12 solutions were formulated by introducing Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) at different concentrations and ratios into the Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) solution, and then nanocomposite surfaces were produced from these solutions through an electrospinning process. These samples were subjected to resistance changes due to elongation, gauge factor changes due to elongation to evaluate the sensor property and cycle tests to evaluate the sustainability of the sensor feature. According to the results, the best sensor properties were obtained in the samples with SDS added at a rate of 1/20 (MWCNT:SDS) for 0.3 MWCNT and 0.5 MWCNT; on the other hand 1/26 weight ratio of MWCNT:SDS for 0.7 MWCNT.
Keywords: smart textiles, wearable sensors, MWCNT, SDS, electrospinning

Citation: İnan, R., Usta, I., Şahin, Y.M., Effects of MWCNT and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) contents on the electrical conductivity and sensor properties of thermoplastic polyurethane nanosurfaces, In: Industria Textila, 2024, 75, 1, 118–124,  http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.075.01.2023105

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