Issue 4 / 2023

Inner covers

Article: Effects of chitosan on the metal absorption and UV protection properties of woven cotton fabric

Authors: SHEILA SHAHIDI, VAHID GHOBADIFAR, SADAF POOYANDEH, RATTANAPHOL MONGKHOLRATTANASIT
Pages: 381–387
DOI: 10.35530/IT.074.04.202238
Published online: August 2023

Abstract
In this research, cotton fabrics were treated with carboxylated chitosan, loaded by the pad-dry-cure method for investigating the absorption of heavy metals and the Ultraviolet (UV) protection properties of fabric samples. For this purpose, chitosan-treated cotton fabrics were soaked in CuSO4 solution to investigate the rate of heavy metal absorption. The surface morphology of cotton fabrics was investigated using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Inductively coupled Plasma Spectroscopy (ICP) analysis was employed to examine the amount of heavy metals' absorption upon chitosan-treated cotton fabrics. Besides, reflection and transmission spectrophotometry analyses were used to examine the optical properties of cotton fabrics. The results show a noticeable increase in copper absorption by increasing the amount of chitosan. The maximum absorption of Cu belongs to the %6 chitosan-treated sample by 7357.6 PPM, equal to %7.35. The more concentration of chitosan in the fibre causes a higher rate of UV protection. Therefore, the chitosan-treated cotton fabrics examined in this work can be used for various water filtration purposes, notably to eliminate toxic metals. Also, It can be used as a wearable textile for protecting against harmful UV rays.
Keywords: chitosan, metal absorption, UV protection, cotton, fabric

Citation: Shahidi, S., Ghobadifar, V., Pooyandeh, S., Mongkholrattanasit, R., Effects of chitosan on the metal absorption and UV protection properties of woven cotton fabric, In: Industria Textila, 2023, 74, 4, 381–387,  http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.074.04.202238

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Article: Teamwork valorisation in Serbian textile organizations of different lengths and levels of operations

Authors: VUK S. MILETIĆ, NIKOLA V. ĆURČIĆ, ZORAN D. SIMONOVIĆ
Pages 388–396 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.074.04.2022109
Published online: August 2023

Abstract
The need of various textile organizations operating for different periods and at different levels for studying the values of teamwork as a significant performance of a successful operation expansion grows with the spreading of their business in the international environment and the strengthening of competition. The paper’s subject matter is research on the attitudes of the owners and higher-level managers of different Serbian textile organizations whose focus is on the valorisation of the performance of teamwork in an organization. The research intends to assess the defined characteristics interacting with teamwork as a crucial concept of human resource management that has to be consistent and explicit, frequently also being the decisive organizational success factor. The paper starts from the premise that member selection is the most significant for the success of a team striving to rotate the leadership structure to make the members do key organizational tasks. All the more so because those making relevant decisions and the leadership style differ depending on the business operations level, the length of business operations and the special attributes of each organization. The results obtained in this research study show that the business operations level and the length of business operations significantly influence differences in organizational teamwork rates as observed through a collective influence of the defined variables. In the given study, comparative statistics methods, hypothetical-deductive methods, analytical-deductive and comparison methods, historical and statistical-descriptive methods are used.
Keywords: organization, team, teamwork, business operations level, length of business operations

Citation: Miletić, V.S., Ćurčić, N.V., Simonović, Z.D., Teamwork valorisation in Serbian textile organizations of different lengths and levels of operations, In: Industria Textila, 2023, 74, 4, 388–396,  http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.074.04.2022109

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Article: Recovery system-based textile actuators

Authors: RALUCA MARIA AILENI, DOINA TOMA, CRISTINA STROE, TEODOR SÂRBU
Pages 397–402 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.074.04.2022100
Published online: August 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a medical recovery system based on electrical stimuli transmitted through textile electrodes based on copper microparticles. The textile electrodes are connected to an electronic device capable of generating transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) using low-frequency (0–100 Hz) (diadynamic or interference) electrical currents. To evaluate the system, the current intensity, frequency and supply voltage were measured using different multimeters (Agilent Technologies U3606A and portable digital multimeter), and the signal was analysed. Depending on the intensity of the transcutaneous electrostimulation program, obtained by varying the electrical parameters, such as electrical voltage (U, mV), current intensity (I, mA) and frequency (f, Hz), it is possible that the patient feels pinches or vibration.
Keywords: textile, electrodes, stimuli, actuators, TENS, electrostimulation

Citation: Aileni, R.M., Toma, D., Stroe, C., Sârbu, T., Recovery system-based textile actuators, In: Industria Textila, 2023, 74, 4, 397–402,  http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.074.04.2022100


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Article: Comparative analysis of natural fibres characteristics as composite reinforcement

Authors: ALİ ARI, MEHMET KARAHAN, MEHMET KOPAR, MAZYAR AHRARI, RAJA MUHAMMAD WASEEM ULLAH KHAN, MUZAMMAL HUSSAIN
Pages 403–411 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.074.04.2022110
Published online: August 2023

Abstract
Due to environmental concerns, natural fibre development is essential, and its utilization has recently attracted more attention. The use of jute, hemp, linen, sisal, and banana fibres in textile production is widespread around the world. Additionally, these fibres are widely accessible in many countries, including Pakistan, India, China, Turkey, and the United States. The objective of this study is to compare the physio-mechanical characteristics of the aforementioned natural fibres. All of these fibres were obtained locally. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the surface morphology of these natural fibres, and the results revealed that banana and sisal fibres are hollow in comparison to other fibres. A single fibre tensile testing apparatus was used to evaluate the mechanical characteristics. Banana and sisal fibres demonstrated the highest breaking strength and elongation, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the functional groups of these natural fibres. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were used to investigate their thermal behaviour. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis and Raman analysis were also carried out to ascertain the chemical composition.
Keywords: natural fibres, mechanical properties, SEM, FTIR, TGA, DSC, EDX, Raman analysis

Citation: Ari, A., Karahan, M., Kopar, M., Ahrari, M., Khan, R.M.W.U., Hussain, M., Comparative analysis of natural fibres characteristics as composite reinforcement, In: Industria Textila, 2023, 74, 4, 403–411,  http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.074.04.2022110

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Article: A novel wool dye synthesised via recycling of side fraction of petrol: metal naphtenates (cyclohexane dicarboxylates)

Authors: AYLİN YILDIZ, DEĞİRMENCİOĞLU MERVE ÖZTAŞ
Pages 412–418 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.074.04.2022116
Published online: August 2023

Abstract
The study aims to produce naphthenates (cyclohexane dicarboxylate) obtained from side fractions of petrol and used as dyestuff in the textile sector to abate waste-oriented pollution and to reutilize petroleum-based wastes. The investigations showed that obtaining blue dyestuff from copper, red dyestuff from cobalt and yellow dyestuff from nickel was possible. Moreover, it was determined that wool fabric could be dyed with good colour fastness with the dyestuffs mentioned. Therefore, this will help to reduce environmental pollution by addressing a novel and beneficial area of usage for naphthenates, produced via waste recycling.
Keywords: petrol, naphthenate, dye, wool, recycling

Citation: Yildiz, A., Öztaş, D.M., A novel wool dye synthesised via recycling of side fraction of petrol: metal naphtenates (cyclohexane dicarboxylates), In: Industria Textila, 2023, 74, 4, 412–418,  http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.074.04.2022116

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Article: The impact of heterogeneous environmental regulations on China's textile industry CO2 emissions

Authors: LI QIFENG, ZHANG JIANLEI, QIAN DAKE, HE LIN
Pages 419–425 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.074.04.202299
Published online: August 2023

Abstract
Environmental regulation is an important tool to reduce CO2 emissions. To investigate the relationship between heterogeneous environmental regulations and CO2 emissions of China's textile industry (CTI), this paper uses the threshold model and panel model to study the impacts of command-based, market-based and public-based environmental regulations (CER, MER and PER) on the total carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity of CTI from 2004 to 2019. Then it further explores their regional heterogeneity. The results show that: at the national level, CER has a forced emission reduction effect and a green paradox effect on CTI’s total carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity, respectively. And MER shows a forced emission reduction effect on carbon emission intensity. But the coefficients of PER are not significant. At the regional level, the result verifies a U-shaped relationship between CER and CO2 emissions in the eastern textile industry. And CER shows a forced emission reduction effect in the central and western regions. The impact of MER on the carbon emission intensity of the eastern textile industry is N-shaped, which means MER can lower carbon emission intensity only within a certain range. And its impacts on the central and western regions are also the forced emission reduction effect. There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between PER and the total carbon emission in the eastern textile industry. While PER has always had a green paradox effect on carbon emission intensity in the eastern region. Other coefficients are not significant. Finally, this paper puts forward the policy suggestions to mitigate the CO2 emissions of CTI.
Keywords: China’s textile industry, CO2 emissions, heterogeneous environmental regulations, green paradox effect, forced emission reduction effect

Citation: Qifeng, L., Jianlei, Z., Dake, Q., Lin, H., The impact of heterogeneous environmental regulations on China's textile industry CO2 emissions, In: Industria Textila, 2023, 74, 4, 419–425,  http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.074.04.202299

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Article: Performance evaluation of sustainability in a textile firm via multi-criteria decision-making method

Authors: ŞİMŞEK GÜNDÜZ GONCA, GÜNDÜZ ÇAĞDAŞ
Pages 426–432 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.074.04.202270
Published online: August 2023

Abstract
Today, the sustainability approach is an integral part of business life. Especially, considering the damage that various events can cause to the environment, environmental sustainability (ES) is getting much more attention. From this aspect, the textile industry which can cause serious environmental damage, should integrate a sustainability approach into its management concept. Therefore, decision-makers and practitioners need to evaluate the sustainability performance of the industry. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods help them to evaluate sustainability performance usefully. This paper evaluates the sustainability performance of a selected company in the textile industry over the years by environmental performance indicators. The technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methodology is used to evaluate sustainability performance.
Keywords: sustainability, environmental indicators, performance evaluation, TOPSIS, textile

Citation: Gonca, Ș.G., Çağdaş, G., Performance evaluation of sustainability in a textile firm via multi-criteria decision-making method, In: Industria Textila, 2023, 74, 4, 426–432,  http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.074.04.202270

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Article: Developed woven structures for denim materials

Authors: ANGELA DOROGAN, CRISTINA ELENA STROE, TEODOR SÂRBU, CRISTIAN NEAGU
Pages 433–438 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.074.04.202231
Published online: August 2023

Abstract
Denim is a cotton or cotton-blend twill textile material that is very popular to use for manufacturing different fashionable clothing items, such as jeans, jackets, skirts, shirts, and caps, and it is worn by most people across all age groups. Unfortunately, this material causes damage to the environment and human health through the large quantities of water required to grow the cotton plant, the toxic substances needed to dye the textile, the process of sandblasting to give denim an old, worn look and the large amounts of waste that result from its vast usage.
This research aimed to develop advanced denim materials based on a blend of high-tech fibres, eco-friendly fibres with silver ions (Ag) and cotton fibres. The main purposes of developing these materials were to improve the mechanical potential under the repeated stresses of traction, friction, and tearing and to improve the psychosensory comfort by optimally combining the fabric pattern, the fibrous composition and the component yarn structure. By prolonging the life of these materials so that people can wear them longer, denim textile manufacturers can contribute to the global effort to become more sustainable. The textile structures were designed using the logical design scheme of a woven structure. The preparation of yarns for weaving and the weaving process was performed on equipment from the Experimental Station of the National Research and Development Institute for Textiles and Leather (INCDTP). Finally, the physio-mechanical characteristics of the fabric were examined, and the performances were validated.
Keywords: blue jeans/denim, circular economy, innovative textile structures, quality control, improved wearability

Citation: Dorogan, A., Stroe, C.E., Sârbu, T., Neagu, C., Developed woven structures for denim materials, In: Industria Textila, 2023, 74, 4, 433–438,   http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.074.04.202231

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Article: Fast textile pattern generation combining MRF-based and Gram-based methods

Authors: YUEXIN SUN, YU CHEN
Pages 439–445 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.074.04.202254
Published online: August 2023

Abstract
Textile pattern design is a tedious and challenging task for designers. This paper proposes a fast textile pattern generation algorithm that combines MRF-based and Gram-based methods. First, the reconstruction method based on image optimisation is determined after analysing the specific requirements of textile pattern design. The pre-trained VGG19 is selected as the style feature extraction neural network. Then, we compare the generation results of various combinations of style loss functions and propose a multi-resolution image optimisation method. Finally, the smoothing loss and colour histogram matching are added to improve the generation quality further, thus constructing an image generation algorithm for textile pattern design. Experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm can effectively generate complex textile patterns with global style and local detail features. The average image generation time is 575s, over 84.3% faster than traditional algorithms. At the same time, this algorithm is convenient for switching styles and requires lower computational capability. It can improve pattern design efficiency and promote the application of image generation technology in textile design.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, computer-aided design, image generation, neural networks, textile pattern design

Citation: Sun, Y., Chen, Y., Fast textile pattern generation combining MRF-based and Gram-based methods, In: Industria Textila, 2023, 74, 4, 439–445,   http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.074.04.202254

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Article: An empirical assessment of consumer-brand engagement and brand knowledge through social media marketing activities: a study on online garments buyers

Authors: BURHAN SADIQ, TAN ZHONGFU, TAYYEBA BASHIR, AMMARA NASEEM, KHALID JAMIL
Pages 446–452 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.074.04.2022111
Published online: August 2023

Abstract
The use of social media marketing (SMM) use in the garment sector is increasing daily, and well-known brands are shifting their marketing campaign to social media. This study aims to assert the relationship between SMM customer-brand engagement (CBE) and brand knowledge (BK). For this purpose, data were collected from online garment buyers through a questionnaire. Results of the study show that SMM significantly enhances the CBE and BK. Results further elaborate that the CBE substantially mediates the relationship between SMM and BK. This study will bridge the gap in the literature between SMM and CBE. Moreover, this study will help the management of garment brands to shift their marketing campaign on social media to meet the requirements of modern marketing tools. Although this study only focuses on garments brands, future researchers can apply the model of this study to other brands and also enhance the sample size.
Keywords: : brand knowledge, branding, social media, garments, textile marketing

Citation: Sadiq, B., Zhongfu, T., Bashir, T., Naseem, A., Jamil, K., An empirical assessment of consumer-brand engagement and brand knowledge through social media marketing activities: a study on online garments buyers, In: Industria Textila, 2023, 74, 4, 446–452,  http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.074.04.2022111

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Article: Evaluation of ergonomic criteria with an AHP-based approach in the textile industry and ordering alternatives

Authors: GÜLER AKSÜT, TAMER EREN
Pages 453–463 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.074.04.2022117
Published online: August 2023

Abstract
The textile sector, which has a wide application area worldwide and in Turkey, is one of the most critical sectors. Ergonomic risks, which are the most important risk factors of the sector, which contain many dangers in terms of work accidents and occupational diseases, affect the health and safety of the employee. In this area where human dependence continues, and labour-intensive production exists, it is aimed to make an ergonomic risk ranking of the sections of a textile factory within the borders of Yozgat province. Within the scope of this target, alternatives, criteria, and sub-criteria were determined after scientific literature, expert opinions, interviews with managers and employees, and a detailed examination of the textile factory, and the ranking of alternatives was made with the AHP method. Alternatives include sewing, ironing, quality control, packaging and shipping, slaughterhouse, and printing. The riskiest section has emerged as the sewing workshop. This study will not only increase the awareness of ergonomics and reduce occupational health and safety problems but also contribute to reducing workplace costs and losses.
Keywords: textile industry, occupational health and safety, AHP method

Citation: Aksüt, G., Eren, T., Evaluation of ergonomic criteria with an AHP-based approach in the textile industry and ordering alternatives, In: Industria Textila, 2023, 74, 4, 453–463,  http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.074.04.2022117

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Article: Antimicrobial property of functional viscose fibre by using mint extract

Authors: WAQAR IQBAL, QI YEXIONG, JIANG YAMING, MUHAMMAD OWAIS RAZA SIDDIQUI,RABIA KHALID, AZEEM IQBAL, MUHAMMAD USMAN MUNIR, AZMAT HUSSAIN, SHANSHAN XU
Pages 464–469 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.074.04.202239
Published online: August 2023

Abstract
The use of cellulosic fibres treated with natural extracts can kill bacteria. Viscose is a regenerated cellulosic fibre with excellent biodegradability. The use of mint extract makes viscose a functional fibre, which gives beneficial results and can be used as an antimicrobial textile. The results clearly showed that the increasing ratio of the mint extract also increased the bacteriostatic ratio so that the antimicrobial property against E. Coli and S. Aureus for 100% viscose fabric is 97% and 94%, respectively. The bacteriostatic ratio against 50/50 cotton/functional viscose is proportionally lower, i.e., 85% and 81% against E. Coli and S. Aureus. The different number of washings affected the antimicrobial property of the fabrics in such a way that: the fabric with 100% functional viscose indicated a reduction of 14% for E. Coli, whereas the antimicrobial property decreased by 15% against S. Aureus after 5 to 20 washes as compared to the fabric with the blend 50/50. All the samples exhibited antimicrobial property more than 60% after 20 washes. The breaking strength of the functional viscose fibre decreased by about 12.9% in dry form and 14% in wet state compared with standard viscose fibre. However, the elongation of functional viscose fibre improved by 6.4% in dry form and 3.7% in the wet state, resulting in the low modulus of functional viscose fibre. The mosquito repellency rate ranges from 70–90% against 100% functional viscose fabrics, whereas 60–80% against the fabric is made up of a 50/50 blend for 5 to 20 washes. The overall results show acceptable behaviour against mosquito repellency. A simple approach was applied to develop antimicrobial textile products with cost-effectiveness and fruitful results.
Keywords: viscose fibre, mint extract, anti-bacterial activity, anti-mosquito behaviour

Citation: Iqbal, W., Yexiong, Q., Yaming, J., Siddiqui, M.O.R., Khalid, R., Iqbal, A., Munir, M.U., Hussain, A., Xu, S., Antimicrobial property of functional viscose fibre by using mint extract, In: Industria Textila, 2023, 74, 4, 464–469,  http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.074.04.202239

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Article: Benefits of platelet rich plasma (PRP) treatment on skin autografts and allografts in a burned patient

Authors: MIRCEA BOGDAN MACIUCEANU-ZARNESCU, ANDREEA GROSU-BULARDA, ANDREI CRETU, ALEXANDRU LAURENTIU CHIOTOROIU, IOAN LASCAR, CARMEN MIHAI
Pages 470–478 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.074.04.2021114
Published online: August 2023

Abstract
Wound healing is promoted by a series of growth factors, secreted from the alpha granules of the platelets. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) emerged as a clinical strategy to increase the physiologic concentration of platelets and its clinical use for a large spectrum of disorders is reported, with good results. Extensive burns represent a promising field for PRP use, those patients confronting challenging wound healing and poor long-term results. We present our initial clinical experience represented by a case of a 51-year-old male patient, severely burned, who benefited from sequential surgical treatment of deep burn wound excisions and coverage using autologous and allogenic skin grafts. PRP was added to this patient’s therapy in two stages, being injected and externally applied on the autografts in functional areas of the hands and the right upper arm region where both autografts and allografts were placed, with the exciting result of promoting allograft integration, long-term persistence and healing. Several literature data validate successful clinical applications of PRP in various therapies, including treatment of soft tissue injuries and chronic wounds, orthopedic surgery, burns, maxillo-facial surgery and elaboration of tissue-engineered products. Based on our preliminary experience and favourable reports in the literature, we encourage wider use of platelet rich plasma for immunomodulation and tissue-engineered constructs, due to its effects on local inflammatory response and role in enhancing the integration of various types of tissue grafts.
Keywords: platelet rich plasma (PRP), burns, autograft, allograft, immunomodulation

Citation: Maciuceanu-Zarnescu, M.B., Grosu-Bularda, A., Cretu, A., Chiotoroiu, A.L., Lascar, I., Mihai, C., Benefits of platelet rich plasma (PRP) treatment on skin autografts and allografts in a burned patient, In: Industria Textila, 2023, 74, 4, 470–478,  http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.074.04.2021114

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Article: Study of physical, moisture-management and stretch properties of underwear fabrics

Authors: ADEEL ZULIFQAR, WAI YEE JOANNE CHUNG, WING SUET CHAN, HASAN KAMRUL, KWOK SHING THOMAS WONG
Pages 479–485 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.074.04.2022101
Published online: August 2023

Abstract
This study investigated and characterized the physical properties and their influence on moisture management and stretch properties of underwear fabric made of different compositions of fibres. It is found that fabric made of finer filament yarn, having an open and porous structure, smaller stich length, and smaller thickness has higher air permeability, water vapour permeability, better moisture transport and overall moisture management capacity. It is also found that elastic recovery is higher in the wale direction in the case of weft-knitted fabrics. Furthermore, a fabric with longer stich length has higher stretch in both directions and more recovery in the wale direction. In addition, it is found that warp-knitted fabric has better moisture transport.
Keywords: fabric composition, humid, water vapour transmission, elastic recovery, weft knitted fabrics, warp knitted fabrics

Citation: Zulifqar, A., Chung, W.Y.J., Chan, W.S., Kamurl, H., Wong, K.S.T., Study of physical, moisture-management and stretch properties of underwear fabrics, In: Industria Textila, 2023, 74, 4, 479–485,  http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.074.04.2022101

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Article: Relevance of trust and satisfaction as mediators to behavioural intention of consumers towards online apparel shopping

Authors: VIDYA BAI G., RAMONA BIRAU, IQBAL THONSE HAWALDAR, DANIEL FRANK, PETRE VALERIU NINULESCU, R. VIJAYA ARJUNAN, IULIANA CARMEN BĂRBĂCIORU
Pages 486–497 
DOI: 10.35530/IT.074.04.2022147
Published online: August 2023

Abstract
The Internet is an integral part of every individual and is a means of business transaction, leading to the immense growth of e-commerce in all sectors. This research study evaluates the significance of attitude as a mediating variable between behavioural intention and overall satisfaction in apparel shopping using Partial Least Square – Structural Equation Modelling with a bootstrapping approach for evaluating the hypothesis. A total of 227 consumers were surveyed using a structured questionnaire and convenient sampling method with a cross-sectional method for collecting data. The hypothesis states that there is a significant relationship between overall satisfaction effect & attitude, reputation & trust, attitude & behavioural intention and trust & behavioural intention. Evidence of the partial mediation effect of attitude between overall satisfaction and behavioural intention is also identified. The findings indicate that the model is valid and has a good fit. Therefore, improved customer service and delivery service will help the corporate to uplift the endogenous latent variable of Behavioural Intention.
Keywords: e-commerce, online shopping attitude, behavioural intention, overall satisfaction, consumers, apparel, textile industry, artificial intelligence

Citation: Bai, V.G., Birau, R., Hawaldar, I.T., Frank, D., Ninulescu, P.V., Arjunan, R.V., Bărbăcioru, I.C., Relevance of trust and satisfaction as mediators to behavioural intention of consumers towards online apparel shopping, In: Industria Textila, 2023, 74, 4, 486–497,  http://doi.org/10.35530/IT.074.04.2022147

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